Savitribai Phule, born on 3rd January 1831 in the village of Naigaon, Maharashtra, left an indelible mark as a trailblazer in India’s history. Recognized as one of the country’s first female teachers, she, along with her husband Jyotiba Phule, spearheaded transformative initiatives that significantly impacted women’s rights, education, and social equality.
Early Life and Marriage
Coming from the Mali community, Savitribai Phule married Jyotirao Phule at a tender age. Despite not having children of their own, they adopted Yashawantrao, a Brahmin widow’s son, challenging societal norms and prejudices. Savitribai’s commitment to social reform and equality began to take shape during these early years.
Education: Empowering Through Knowledge
Savitribai’s journey from illiteracy to becoming a pioneer in education is remarkable. Educated by Jyotirao and others, she enrolled in teacher training programs, showcasing her dedication to learning. Her training at institutions like Cynthia Farrar’s in Ahmednagar and a Normal School in Pune positioned her as a leading figure in women’s education.
Career and Advocacy
As a teacher, Savitribai Phule started her career in Pune, teaching alongside Sagunabai Kshirsagar. Together with Jyotirao and Sagunabai, they established a school at Bhidewada, introducing a curriculum that included mathematics, science, and social studies. Facing resistance from conservative elements, Savitribai endured hardships, including verbal abuse and physical assaults, reflecting the societal challenges of the time.
By 1851, the Phules had established three schools for girls in Pune, attracting a considerable number of students. Their teaching methods, considered superior, challenged traditional norms. Despite societal pushback, they persisted, emphasizing the importance of educating girls for societal progress.
Establishing Educational Trusts
In the 1850s, Savitribai and Jyotirao founded the Native Male School, Pune, and the Society for Promoting the Education of Mahar, Mangs, and others. These trusts managed multiple schools, led by Savitribai and her close associate Fatima Sheikh. The couple’s impact extended beyond caste and gender, fostering education and empowerment.
Personal Life and Legacy
Savitribai Phule and Jyotirao’s personal life reflected their commitment to social causes. Despite facing societal criticism, they adopted Yashawantrao and later arranged his marriage, challenging prevailing prejudices. Their legacy includes 18 schools and a care center for pregnant rape victims, showcasing a holistic approach to societal challenges.
Heroic End: Pandemic Relief Efforts
Savitribai’s commitment extended to healthcare during the bubonic plague. She, along with her adopted son Yashwant, opened a clinic to treat those affected. Tragically, she contracted the plague while rescuing a patient and succumbed to it on 10th March 1897, leaving behind a legacy of courage and selflessness.
Savitribai Phule’s life is a testament to resilience, dedication, and the power of education in transforming societies. Her pioneering efforts in promoting women’s education and challenging social norms continue to inspire generations. Remembering Savitribai Phule is not just acknowledging history but celebrating a visionary who paved the way for a more inclusive and enlightened India.
