Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been a critical preventive measure in the fight against HPV-related cancers. Recent evidence from numerous global studies has prompted a significant change in the approach to HPV vaccination. The accumulated data demonstrate that a single dose of the HPV vaccine provides robust protection comparable to receiving two doses. Australia and Scotland have already implemented this change, and now, from September 2023, the United Kingdom will transition to a one-dose HPV vaccination regimen.
The Importance of the HPV Vaccine
The human papillomavirus is responsible for various types of cancers, including cervical cancer, head and neck cancers (mouth and throat), and anal and genital cancers. In addition, eligible males under the age of 25 who identify as gay, bisexual, or have sex with men (GBMSM) will receive a single dose of the vaccine through sexual health clinics. To combat the prevalence of HPV-related cancers, the HPV vaccine has been an integral part of the National Health Service (NHS) routine vaccination schedule since 2008. The program has achieved remarkable success, with high uptake and millions of administered doses.
Transitioning to a Single Dose
Starting September 2023, the routine adolescent HPV immunization program for all children in school year 8 (aged 12 to 13 years) will shift from a two-dose schedule to a single-dose regimen. The vaccine will predominantly be offered in secondary schools. Additionally, eligible gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) under the age of 25 will receive one dose of the vaccine through sexual health clinics. GBMSM aged 25 to 45 years will continue with the two-dose schedule provided in sexual health clinics. Individuals who are immunosuppressed or known to be HIV-positive will remain on a three-dose schedule to ensure optimal protection. Moreover, individuals who have already received one dose of the HPV vaccine by September 2023 will be considered fully vaccinated, while those who missed their one-dose vaccine can catch up until their 25th birthday via their GP practice.
Expert Recommendations and Research Findings
The decision to transition to a single-dose HPV vaccine schedule is based on the comprehensive review of evidence conducted by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI). This review spanned several years and included a public consultation. The JCVI’s final advice to health ministers regarding changes to the vaccination program was published in August 2022. In alignment with the JCVI’s findings, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation (SAGE) conducted a review in April 2022. SAGE concluded that a single dose of the HPV vaccine provides robust protection against HPV and is comparable to a two-dose schedule.
Both reviews emphasized the importance of maintaining the three-dose schedule for immunocompromised individuals and those who are HIV-positive due to limited evidence regarding the efficacy of a single dose in these populations. Dr. Vanessa Saliba, an Immunisation Consultant Epidemiologist at the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), expressed enthusiasm about the latest evidence, highlighting that one dose provides protection equivalent to that of two doses. This development is indeed excellent news for young people.
The Impact on Public Health
The transition to a single-dose HPV vaccine schedule signifies another significant stride forward for the UK’s world-leading HPV vaccination program. This program has played a pivotal role in dramatically lowering cervical cancer rates and reducing harmful infections in both women and men. By preventing numerous cancers, the vaccination program has saved countless lives. Individuals who missed their HPV vaccine are strongly urged to contact their school nurse, school immunization team, or GP practice to schedule an appointment. Eligibility to receive the vaccine extends until their 25th birthday.
National Director for Screening and Vaccinations, Steve Russell, emphasizes the importance of HPV vaccination in reducing the risk of cervical cancer. He emphasizes the simplicity of receiving one quick HPV jab to minimize the chances of developing virus-induced cancers. Alongside the HPV vaccine, Russell highlights the necessity of booking cervical screening appointments, which remain crucial for detecting high-risk HPV and safeguarding against cervical cancer.
Source: Gov[Dot]UK
