1493 - Pope Alexander VI divided the continent of America between Portugal and Spain.
1715 - The first umbrella to open and close was made in Paris.
1780 - The American Academy of Arts and Sciences was established.
1854 - India's first postage stamp was officially issued.
1878 - Thomas Alva Edison publicly demonstrated his invention, the phonograph, at the Opera Theater.
1897 - About 200 people died in a fire in the Paris market in France.
1931 - Ataturk Mustafa Kamal Pasha became the President of Türkiye.